Its proponents condemned its selfishness, materialism and unfairness, and instead demanded that the common good had to be protected from individual greed. Meanwhile Nazi rhetoric had become an integral part of a powerful anti-capitalist Zeitgeist, an ‘anti-system’ rallying cry that questioned the core principles of capitalism. At a time when capitalism's future and Germany's place in it looked bleak, many regarded the Nazis' economic vision entailing state control, autarky coupled with Grossraumwirtschaft and withdrawal from international cooperation in favour of nationalist policies as the most promising economic programme. By then the Nazis' uncompromising political-economic demand that Germany could only prosper when overthrowing the Versailles peace order, looking after its national interests and doing things the German way had transformed from fringe view to mainstream consensus. While many of these views had deep historical and ideological roots in German society, they only became mainstream during the world economic depression.
Web memorials are discussed as a resource to the bereaved and researchers alike, providing the bereaved with an opportunity to create a public memorial regardless of their relationship to the deceased, time elapsed since the death or message content and allowing researchers better access to personal writings undertaken during bereavement.Īt the heart of Nazism was a radical economic vision and rhetoric that provided the Nazis with an authenticity and legitimacy in their struggle to succeed the free-market capitalist economic system – this was crucial to their successful mass mobilisation and to becoming an acceptable party of government. The majority of memorials were written as stories or celebrations but other primary themes included: grief/missing the dead, retelling the circumstances of the death, and guilt. Most memorials were addressed to the community, but 28.3 percent were written to the dead. Authors included family members, friends, and others who were typically younger or from the same cohort as the deceased.
Most deaths were recent, but 7.3 percent had occurred more than twenty years prior to the posting of their memorials. While memorials were extremely varied, they were written frequently for the young (M age = 47, SD = 24) and for more males than females. This study describes memorials in the newly created “virtual cemeteries.” Web memorials (N = 276) from three cemeteries were coded for demographics about the deceased, characteristics of authors, and issues of content, audience, and theme. This openness allows for context collapse and potentially unwelcome participants such as “trolls.” We consider the ways in which the publicness of the SNS memorial page affects displays of grieving, specifically around efforts to engage in impression management of the deceased. The visibility of social media both encourages performative displays of mourning and allows wider audiences to pay respects. We examine how the social and technical affordances of social media, and Facebook in particular, affect public displays of grief and portrayals of the deceased. This article analyzes a corpus of posts and comments on Facebook memorial pages (N = 37). The replicability, scalability, persistence, and searchability features of networked publics influence both how mourners grieve and their control over depictions of the deceased. Mourners weigh the benefits of publicness with the problems associated with large and diverse audiences. Today, social network sites are a key site for public displays of connection and grieving. Together they helped transform the Nazi movement into a flexible mass movement with the ability to mould an inchoate and diverse group of sympathisers into an integrated body of committed and skilled activists. Both developments should be considered as bottom-up mobilisations of the party's grass-roots and were the results of a conscious, long-term strategy that aimed to bring about a radical transformation of German society. Through the creation of cells in residential areas and the workplace, by educating and training party cadres and through the insistence on Kleinarbeit as an alternative to mass propaganda, these developments interacted with each other, and were an attempt to project Nazism as an ideology and a political movement into spaces that had previously been closed to it. What made it possible for the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) to evolve from a fragmented political sect to a movement with an unprecedented potential for political mobilisation by the early 1930s? Based on the Nazi movement in Berlin, this article seeks to explore a new approach to the growth of the NSDAP which synthesises organisational refinement and a new look on Nazi propaganda prior to 1933.
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